neowin[.]net/news/microsoft-says-windows-11-kb5044284kb5046617-still-cant-install-new-updates-via-usbcd/
learn.microsoft[.]com/en-us/windows/release-health/status-windows-11-24H2#3469msgdesc
Microsoft says that those who installed Win11 from an optical disk, USB stick, or I assume an ISO that included the October or November, 2024, security updates, may have a broken Windows Update, meaning the monthly security updates will not install. They do not spell out whether that means anyone who downloaded an ISO or used the media creation tool in October or November could be effected, &/or if it was those who opted to have Windows setup check for updates, &/or it was an issue for Corp IT if they added the updates to the source they used to setup Windows.
At any rate, if you installed Win11 in the last 3 months of 2024, and Windows Update is broken, I'm sure you're aware of it. Microsoft initially said they were trying to figure out & release a fix, but they now say that they've given up, and there will be no fix. Presumably the only way to get things working will be to reinstall Win11, though whether you could get away with a repair install or would have to install Win11 fresh is AFAIK unknown.